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  "body": "\n## Summary\n\nThe Mann–Whitney U test, also called the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, is a [[hypothesis test|087P03NEND]] that compares two independent samples.\nIts statistic counts the pairs, one value from each sample, in which the first value is larger.\nUnder the null hypothesis that both samples come from the same continuous distribution, the law of this count does not depend on that distribution.\nIt is the rank-based counterpart of the two-sample $t$-test, and it does not need normality.\n\n## Explanations\n\n### L1 human\n\nPut the two samples together and ask, for every pair made of one value from each sample, which is larger.\nIf the two samples come from the same population, the first sample should win about half of these duels.\nIf it wins nearly all of them, its values tend to be larger.\nFor example, with samples $(3, 5)$ and $(1, 4)$, the first sample wins $3$ of the $4$ duels.\n",
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