ARIES: A Transaction Recovery Method Supporting Fine-Granularity Locking and Partial Rollbacks Using Write-Ahead Logging

C. Mohan, Don Haderle, Bruce Lindsay, Hamid Pirahesh, Peter Schwarz, 1992, ACM TODS

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In this paper we present a simple and efficient method, called ARIES (Algorithm for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics), which supports partial rollbacks of transactions, fine-granularity (e.g., record) locking and recovery using write-ahead logging (WAL). We introduce the paradigm of repeating history to redo all missing updates before performing the rollbacks of the loser transactions during restart after a system failure. ARIES uses a log sequence number in each page to correlate the state of a page with respect to logged updates of that page. All updates of a transaction are logged, including those performed during rollbacks. By appropriate chaining of the log records written during rollbacks to those written during forward progress, a bounded amount of logging is ensured during rollbacks even in the face of repeated failures during restart or of nested rollbacks. We deal with a variety of features that are very important in building and operating an industrial-strength transaction processing system. ARIES supports fuzzy checkpoints, selective and deferred restart, fuzzy image copies, media recovery, and high concurrency lock modes (e.g., increment/decrement) which exploit the semantics of the operations and require the ability to perform operation logging. ARIES is flexible with respect to the kinds of buffer management policies that can be implemented. It supports objects of varying length efficiently. By enabling parallelism during restart, page-oriented redo, and logical undo, it enhances concurrency and performance. We show why some of the System R paradigms for logging and recovery, which were based on the shadow page technique, need to be changed in the context of WAL. We compare ARIES to the WAL-based recovery methods of

ARIES: Một Phương pháp Khôi phục Giao dịch Hỗ trợ Khóa Hạt mịn và Quay lui Một phần Sử dụng Ghi nhật ký Trước khi Ghi

C. MOHAN

IBM Almaden Research Center

và

DON HADERLE

IBM Santa Teresa Laboratory

và

BRUCE LINDSAY, HAMID PIRAHESH và PETER SCHWARZ

IBM Almaden Research Center

Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi trình bày một phương pháp đơn giản và hiệu quả, được gọi là ARIES (Algorithm for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics), hỗ trợ quay lui một phần của các giao dịch, khóa với độ hạt mịn (ví dụ, bản ghi) và khôi phục bằng cách sử dụng ghi nhật ký trước khi ghi (WAL). Chúng tôi đưa ra mô hình lặp lại lịch sử để thực hiện lại tất cả các cập nhật bị thiếu trước khi thực hiện các thao tác quay lui của các giao dịch thua trong quá trình khởi động lại sau một sự cố hệ thống. ARIES sử dụng một số thứ tự nhật ký trong mỗi trang để tương quan trạng thái của một trang với các cập nhật đã được ghi nhật ký của trang đó. Tất cả các cập nhật của một giao dịch đều được ghi nhật ký, bao gồm cả những cập nhật được thực hiện trong quá trình quay lui. Bằng cách liên kết thích hợp các bản ghi nhật ký được ghi trong quá trình quay lui với các bản ghi được ghi trong quá trình tiến triển, một lượng ghi nhật ký bị giới hạn được đảm bảo trong quá trình quay lui ngay cả khi xảy ra các sự cố lặp lại trong quá trình khởi động lại hoặc các lần quay lui lồng nhau. Chúng tôi xử lý nhiều tính năng khác nhau rất quan trọng trong việc xây dựng và vận hành một hệ thống xử lý giao dịch có cấp độ công nghiệp. ARIES hỗ trợ các điểm kiểm tra mờ, khởi động lại có chọn lọc và trì hoãn, các bản sao ảnh mờ, khôi phục phương tiện, và các chế độ khóa có tính đồng thời cao (ví dụ, tăng/giảm), trong đó khai thác ngữ nghĩa của các thao tác và yêu cầu khả năng thực hiện ghi nhật ký thao tác. ARIES linh hoạt đối với các loại chính sách quản lý bộ đệm có thể được triển khai.

1 INTRODUCTION

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2 GOALS

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3 OVERVIEW OF ARIES

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4 DATA STRUCTURES

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5 NORMAL PROCESSING

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6 RESTART PROCESSING

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7 CHECKPOINTS DURING RESTART

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8 MEDIA RECOVERY

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9 NESTED TOP ACTIONS

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10 RECOVERY PARADIGMS

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11 OTHER WAL-BASED METHODS

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12 ATTRIBUTES OF ARIES

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13 SUMMARY

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Acknowledgments

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Read off the page by a vision model reading the page images using olmOCR-2-7B-1025-FP8. Translated into Tiếng Việt by gpt-5, against glossary version 7. Translated from the English.