End-To-End Arguments in System Design

J. H. Saltzer, D. P. Reed, D. D. Clark, 1984, ACM TOCS

About this paperTiếng Việt日本語

This paper is under a licence that does not allow it to be reproduced, so what is here is its front matter and a short abstract. Read it at the publisher's page.

English
中文

M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science

This paper presents a design principle that helps guide placement of functions among the modules of a distributed computer system. The principle, called the end-to-end argument, suggests that functions placed at low levels of a system may be redundant or of little value when compared with the cost of providing them at that low level. Examples discussed in the paper include bit error recovery, security using encryption, duplicate message suppression, recovery from system crashes, and delivery acknowledgement. Low level mechanisms to support these functions are justified only as performance enhancements.

系统设计中的端到端论点

J.H. Saltzer、D.P. Reed 和 D.D. Clark*

M.I.T. 计算机科学实验室

本文提出了一项设计原则，用于指导分布式计算机系统中各模块之间的功能配置。该原则称为端到端论点，指出与在系统低层提供功能的成本相比，将功能置于低层可能是冗余的，或者价值很小。本文讨论的示例包括比特错误恢复、使用加密实现安全、抑制重复消息、从系统崩溃中恢复以及传送确认。支持这些功能的低层机制只有作为性能增强手段时才具有合理性。

Introduction

This section is missing here.

Conclusion

This section is missing here.

Acknowledgments

This section is missing here.

References

  1. Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. Specifications for the interconnection of a host and an IMP. Technical Report No. 1822, Cambridge, Mass., December, 1981.
  2. Branstad, D.K. Security aspects of computer networks. AIAA Paper No. 73-427, AIAA Computer Network Systems Conference, Huntsville, Alabama, April, 1973.
  3. Corbato, F.J., et al. The Compatible Time-Sharing System, A Programmer's Guide. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1963, p.10.
  4. Diffie, W., and Hellman, M.E. New directions in cryptography. IEEE Trans. on Info. Theory, IT-22, 6, (November, 1976), pp.644-654. Read it here
  5. Gray, J.N. Notes on database operating systems. In Operating System: An Advanced Course. Volume 60 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 1978, pp.393-481.
  6. Greenwald, M. Remote virtual disk protocol specifications. M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science Technical Memorandum, in preparation. Expected publication, 1984.
  7. Keister, W., Ketchledge, R.W., and Vaughan, H.E.: No. 1 ESS: System organization and objectives. Bell System Technical Journal 53, 5 (part 1), (September, 1964) p. 1841.
  8. Kent, S.T.: Encryption-based protection protocols for interactive user-computer communication.: S.M. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, May, 1976. Also available as M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science Technical Report, TR-162, May, 1976.
  9. Lampson, B.W., and Sproull, R.F. An open operating system for a single-user machine. Proc. Seventh Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, Operating Systems Review 13, Special issue (December, 1979), pp.98-105.
  10. Lampson, B., and Sturgis, H: Crash recovery in a distributed data storage system. Working paper, Xerox PARC, November, 1976 and April, 1979. Submitted to CACM.
  11. Needham, R.M., and Schroeder, M.D.: Using encryption for authentication in large networks of computers. CACM 21, 12, (December, 1978), pp.993-999.
  12. Popek, G.J., et al.: UCLA data secure unix. Proc. 1979 NCC, AFIPS Press, pp.355-364.
  13. Reed, D.P.: Implementing atomic actions on decentralized data. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 1, 1 (February, 1983), pp.3-23.
  14. Reed, D.P.: Naming and synchronization in a decentralized computer system. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, September 1978. Also available as M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science Technical Report, TR-205, September, 1978.
  15. Reed, D.P., and Svobodova, L.: SWALLOW: A distributed data storage system for a local network. In West, A., and Janson, P., ed. Local Networks for Computer Communications, Proc. IFIP Working Group 6.4 International Workshop on Local Networks. North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1981, pp.355-373.
  16. Schroeder, M.D., Clark, D.D., and Saltzer, J.H.: The Multics kernel design project. Proc. Sixth Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, Operating Systems Review 11, 5 (November, 1977,) pp.43-56.
  17. Stern, J.A.: Backup and recovery of on-line information in a computer utility. S.M. thesis, M.I.T. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, August 1973. Available as M.I.T. Project MAC Technical Report TR-116, January, 1974.

Read off the page by a vision model reading the page images using olmOCR-2-7B-1025-FP8.

Read off the page by a vision model reading the page images using olmOCR-2-7B-1025-FP8. Translated into 中文 by gpt-5, against glossary version 6. Translated from the English.