Math 2.0

Special functions Definition

Bloch–Wigner function

Builds on DilogarithmComplex logarithm

Definition

Let Li⁡2\operatorname{Li}_2 be the dilogarithm, taken as its principal branch on ℂ∖[1,∞)\C \setminus [1, \infty). For z∈ℂ∖[1,∞)z \in \C \setminus [1, \infty), let arg⁡(1−z)∈(−π,π)\arg(1 - z) \in (-\pi, \pi) be the principal argument of 1−z1 - z, as for the complex logarithm. The Bloch–Wigner function is D(z)=Im⁡(Li⁡2(z))+arg⁡(1−z) log⁡∣z∣,z∈ℂ∖({0}∪[1,∞)),D(z) = \operatorname{Im}\big(\operatorname{Li}_2(z)\big) + \arg(1 - z) \, \log \abs{z}, \qquad z \in \C \setminus \big(\set{0} \cup [1, \infty)\big), extended to all of ℂ\C by continuity, with D(0)=D(1)=0D(0) = D(1) = 0.

Remarks

The function is real-analytic on ℂ∖{0,1}\C \setminus \set{0, 1} and continuous on ℂ\C. Across (1,∞)(1, \infty) the term Im⁡Li⁡2\operatorname{Im} \operatorname{Li}_2 jumps by 2πlog⁡x2\pi \log x at the point xx, and the term arg⁡(1−z)log⁡∣z∣\arg(1 - z) \log \abs{z} jumps by −2πlog⁡x-2\pi \log x, so the extension is well defined.

Example: for z=eiθz = e^{i\theta} one has log⁡∣z∣=0\log \abs{z} = 0, so D(eiθ)=Im⁡Li⁡2(eiθ)=Cl⁡2(θ)D(e^{i\theta}) = \operatorname{Im} \operatorname{Li}_2(e^{i\theta}) = \operatorname{Cl}_2(\theta), the Clausen function. In particular D(eiπ/3)=Cl⁡2(π/3)≈1.01494D(e^{i\pi/3}) = \operatorname{Cl}_2(\pi/3) \approx 1.01494.

Non-example: the function Im⁡Li⁡2(z)\operatorname{Im} \operatorname{Li}_2(z) alone does not extend continuously across (1,∞)(1, \infty), because of the jump 2πlog⁡x2\pi \log x described above.

Symmetries: D(zˉ)=−D(z)D(\bar z) = -D(z), and D(z)=D(1−1z)=D(11−z)=−D(1z)=−D(1−z)=−D(zz−1).D(z) = D\left(1 - \tfrac1z\right) = D\left(\tfrac{1}{1-z}\right) = -D\left(\tfrac1z\right) = -D(1 - z) = -D\left(\tfrac{z}{z-1}\right). For Im⁡z>0\operatorname{Im} z > 0, D(z)D(z) is the hyperbolic volume of the ideal tetrahedron with vertices 0,1,∞,z0, 1, \infty, z.

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  1. Complex logarithm concept
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Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylogarithm
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MSC33B30, 11G55
DefinesBloch–Wigner function
UsesDilogarithm, Complex logarithm

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