Math 2.0

Special functions Definition

Fox H-function

Builds on Barnes integralMeijer G-functionGamma function

Definition

Let m,n,p,qm, n, p, q be integers with 0≤m≤q0 \le m \le q and 0≤n≤p0 \le n \le p. Let a1,…,apa_1, \dots, a_p and b1,…,bqb_1, \dots, b_q be complex numbers and let A1,…,ApA_1, \dots, A_p and B1,…,BqB_1, \dots, B_q be positive real numbers. Let Γ\Gamma be the gamma function. Fix z≠0z \ne 0 and a branch of log⁡z\log z, and put z−s=e−slog⁡zz^{-s} = e^{-s \log z}. Assume that no pole s=−(bj+ℓ)/Bjs = -(b_j + \ell)/B_j of a factor Γ(bj+Bjs)\Gamma(b_j + B_j s) with j≤mj \le m coincides with a pole s=(1−ak+ℓ)/Aks = (1 - a_k + \ell)/A_k of a factor Γ(1−ak−Aks)\Gamma(1 - a_k - A_k s) with k≤nk \le n, where ℓ∈ℕ\ell \in \N. Let LL be a path that separates the poles of the factors Γ(bj+Bjs)\Gamma(b_j + B_j s) from the poles of the factors Γ(1−ak−Aks)\Gamma(1 - a_k - A_k s). Choose LL so that the integral below converges. The Fox H-function is the Barnes integral Hp,qm,n[z | (a1,A1),…,(ap,Ap)(b1,B1),…,(bq,Bq)]=12πi∫L∏j=1mΓ(bj+Bjs)∏k=1nΓ(1−ak−Aks)∏j=m+1qΓ(1−bj−Bjs)∏k=n+1pΓ(ak+Aks) z−s ds.H^{m, n}_{p, q}\left[ z \,\middle|\, \begin{matrix} (a_1, A_1), \dots, (a_p, A_p) \\ (b_1, B_1), \dots, (b_q, B_q) \end{matrix} \right] = \frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_L \frac{\prod_{j = 1}^{m} \Gamma(b_j + B_j s) \prod_{k = 1}^{n} \Gamma(1 - a_k - A_k s)}{\prod_{j = m + 1}^{q} \Gamma(1 - b_j - B_j s) \prod_{k = n + 1}^{p} \Gamma(a_k + A_k s)}\, z^{-s}\, ds.

Remarks

When all AkA_k and BjB_j equal 11, the substitution s↦−ss \mapsto -s turns the integral into that of the Meijer G-function, so Hp,qm,nH^{m, n}_{p, q} equals Gp,qm,nG^{m, n}_{p, q} with the same parameters ak,bja_k, b_j. Example: H0,11,0[z | (0,1)]=e−zH^{1, 0}_{0, 1}\left[ z \,\middle|\, (0, 1) \right] = e^{-z} for z>0z > 0. Check: the integrand is Γ(s)z−s\Gamma(s) z^{-s} on a line Re⁡s=c>0\operatorname{Re} s = c > 0; closing to the left, the residues (−1)ℓℓ!zℓ\frac{(-1)^\ell}{\ell!} z^\ell at s=−ℓs = -\ell sum to e−ze^{-z}. Non-example: a scale B1=0B_1 = 0 is not allowed; then Γ(b1+B1s)\Gamma(b_1 + B_1 s) is a constant and the integrand has no poles to collect, so the scales must be positive. The Fox–Wright function and the Mittag-Leffler function Eα(z)=∑k≥0zkΓ(αk+1)E_\alpha(z) = \sum_{k \ge 0} \frac{z^k}{\Gamma(\alpha k + 1)} are special H-functions.

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  1. Barnes integral concept
  2. Gamma function concept
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Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_H-function
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DefinesFox H-function
UsesBarnes integral, Meijer G-function, Gamma function

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