Math 2.0

Special functions Definition

Fox–Wright function

Builds on Gamma functionPower series

Definition

Let p,q≥0p, q \ge 0 be integers. Let a1,…,ap,b1,…,bq∈ℂa_1, \ldots, a_p, b_1, \ldots, b_q \in \C and let A1,…,Ap,B1,…,Bq>0A_1, \ldots, A_p, B_1, \ldots, B_q > 0 be real. Assume that ai+Aina_i + A_i n is never a pole of the gamma function Γ\Gamma, for n=0,1,2,…n = 0, 1, 2, \ldots, and use the convention 1/Γ(−m)=01/\Gamma(-m) = 0 for m=0,1,2,…m = 0, 1, 2, \ldots. The Fox–Wright function is the power series pΨq[(a1,A1),…,(ap,Ap)(b1,B1),…,(bq,Bq);z]=∑n=0∞Γ(a1+A1n)⋯Γ(ap+Apn)Γ(b1+B1n)⋯Γ(bq+Bqn) znn!.{}_p\Psi_q\left[\begin{matrix} (a_1, A_1), \ldots, (a_p, A_p) \\ (b_1, B_1), \ldots, (b_q, B_q) \end{matrix}; z\right] = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{\Gamma(a_1 + A_1 n) \cdots \Gamma(a_p + A_p n)}{\Gamma(b_1 + B_1 n) \cdots \Gamma(b_q + B_q n)} \, \frac{z^n}{n!}.

Remarks

Let Δ=1+∑jBj−∑iAi\Delta = 1 + \sum_j B_j - \sum_i A_i. If Δ>0\Delta > 0 the series converges for every z∈ℂz \in \C. If Δ=0\Delta = 0 it converges for ∣z∣<∏iAi−Ai∏jBjBj\abs{z} < \prod_i A_i^{-A_i} \prod_j B_j^{B_j}.

Example: with p=q=1p = q = 1, (a1,A1)=(1,1)(a_1, A_1) = (1, 1) and (b1,B1)=(β,α)(b_1, B_1) = (\beta, \alpha), the coefficient is Γ(1+n)Γ(β+αn)1n!=1Γ(αn+β)\frac{\Gamma(1 + n)}{\Gamma(\beta + \alpha n)} \frac{1}{n!} = \frac{1}{\Gamma(\alpha n + \beta)}, so the series is the Mittag-Leffler function Eα,β(z)E_{\alpha, \beta}(z); here Δ=α>0\Delta = \alpha > 0.

When all AiA_i and BjB_j equal 11, pΨq=Γ(a1)⋯Γ(ap)Γ(b1)⋯Γ(bq) pFq(a1,…,ap;b1,…,bq;z),{}_p\Psi_q = \frac{\Gamma(a_1) \cdots \Gamma(a_p)}{\Gamma(b_1) \cdots \Gamma(b_q)} \, {}_pF_q(a_1, \ldots, a_p; b_1, \ldots, b_q; z), a multiple of the generalized hypergeometric function.

Non-example: with p=1p = 1, q=0q = 0 and A1=2A_1 = 2, one has Δ=−1<0\Delta = -1 < 0, and the series ∑Γ(1+2n)zn/n!\sum \Gamma(1 + 2n) z^n / n! diverges for every z≠0z \neq 0.

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Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%E2%80%93Wright_function
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TagWYMC18W643
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MSC33C20, 33E12
DefinesFox–Wright function
UsesGamma function, Power series

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