Math 2.0

Integral transforms, operational calculus Definition

Laplace transform on a convex cone

Builds on Convex coneDual coneMultidimensional Laplace transform

Definition

Let Γ⊆ℝn\Gamma \subseteq \R^n be a closed convex cone with nonempty interior, and let ⟨⋅,⋅⟩\ip{\cdot}{\cdot} be the standard inner product on ℝn\R^n. Let Γ∗={y∈ℝn:⟨y,x⟩≥0 for all x∈Γ}\Gamma^* = \set{y \in \R^n : \ip{y}{x} \ge 0 \text{ for all } x \in \Gamma} be its dual cone, and let Ω\Omega be the interior of Γ∗\Gamma^*. Let f ⁣:Γ→ℂf \colon \Gamma \to \C be locally integrable. The Laplace transform of ff on Γ\Gamma is the function (ℒΓf)(z)=∫Γe−⟨z,x⟩f(x) dx,z=y+iη∈ℂn,(\mathcal{L}_\Gamma f)(z) = \int_\Gamma e^{-\ip{z}{x}} f(x)\, dx, \qquad z = y + i\eta \in \C^n, defined at those zz where the integral converges absolutely; here ⟨z,x⟩=∑jzjxj\ip{z}{x} = \sum_j z_j x_j.

Remarks

If y∈Ωy \in \Omega, there is c>0c > 0 with ⟨y,x⟩≥c∣x∣\ip{y}{x} \ge c \abs{x} for all x∈Γx \in \Gamma, by compactness of Γ∩{∣x∣=1}\Gamma \cap \set{\abs{x} = 1}. So if ∣f(x)∣≤C(1+∣x∣)N\abs{f(x)} \le C (1 + \abs{x})^N, the transform converges absolutely on the tube Ω+iℝn\Omega + i \R^n and is holomorphic there.

Example: Γ=[0,∞)n\Gamma = [0, \infty)^n is self-dual, and ℒΓ\mathcal{L}_\Gamma is the multidimensional Laplace transform. For f=1f = 1 one gets ℒΓf(z)=1/(z1⋯zn)\mathcal{L}_\Gamma f(z) = 1/(z_1 \cdots z_n) on Re⁡zj>0\operatorname{Re} z_j > 0.

Example: let Γ\Gamma be the cone of positive semidefinite real symmetric m×mm \times m matrices, with ⟨y,x⟩=tr⁡(yx)\ip{y}{x} = \tr(yx). Let dxdx be the Lebesgue measure in the entries xijx_{ij}, i≤ji \le j. The cone is self-dual, and Ω\Omega is the cone of positive definite matrices. For real s>(m−1)/2s > (m - 1)/2 and y∈Ωy \in \Omega, ∫Ωe−tr⁡(yx)(det⁡x)s−(m+1)/2 dx=Γm(s) (det⁡y)−s,Γm(s)=πm(m−1)/4∏j=0m−1Γ(s−j2).\int_\Omega e^{-\tr(yx)} (\det x)^{s - (m+1)/2}\, dx = \Gamma_m(s)\, (\det y)^{-s}, \qquad \Gamma_m(s) = \pi^{m(m-1)/4} \prod_{j=0}^{m-1} \Gamma\left(s - \frac{j}{2}\right).

Non-example: let Γ\Gamma contain a line ℝv\R v. Then Γ∗\Gamma^* lies in the hyperplane v⊥v^\perp and Ω\Omega is empty. Since Γ+ℝv=Γ\Gamma + \R v = \Gamma, Fubini's theorem along the direction vv shows that even f=1f = 1 has a divergent transform at every zz.

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  1. Convex cone concept
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Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace_transform
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Kinddefinition
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MSC44A30, 44A10
DefinesLaplace transform on a convex cone
UsesConvex cone, Dual cone, Multidimensional Laplace transform

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