Math 2.0

Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures Definition

Orthocomplemented lattice

Builds on Bounded latticeComplemented lattice

Definition

Let LL be a bounded lattice with least element 00 and greatest element 11. An orthocomplementation on LL is a map a↦a⊥a \mapsto a^\perp from LL to LL such that for all a,b∈La, b \in L:

  1. a∧a⊥=0a \wedge a^\perp = 0 and a∨a⊥=1a \vee a^\perp = 1, so a⊥a^\perp is a complement of aa;
  2. (a⊥)⊥=a(a^\perp)^\perp = a;
  3. if a≤ba \le b, then b⊥≤a⊥b^\perp \le a^\perp.

An orthocomplemented lattice, or ortholattice, is a bounded lattice together with an orthocomplementation.

Remarks

From clauses 2 and 3 follow the De Morgan laws (a∨b)⊥=a⊥∧b⊥(a \vee b)^\perp = a^\perp \wedge b^\perp and (a∧b)⊥=a⊥∨b⊥(a \wedge b)^\perp = a^\perp \vee b^\perp.

Example: the lattice of closed linear subspaces of a Hilbert space HH, with M⊥M^\perp the orthogonal complement of MM. Here M∩M⊥={0}M \cap M^\perp = \set{0}, the closed span of MM and M⊥M^\perp is HH, M⊥⊥=MM^{\perp\perp} = M for closed MM, and M⊆NM \subseteq N implies N⊥⊆M⊥N^\perp \subseteq M^\perp.

Non-example: the diamond lattice M3 with middle elements a,b,ca, b, c and the map a↦ba \mapsto b, b↦cb \mapsto c, c↦ac \mapsto a, 0↦10 \mapsto 1, 1↦01 \mapsto 0. Each image is a complement, but (a⊥)⊥=c≠a(a^\perp)^\perp = c \ne a, so clause 2 fails.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 3 pages in order. The foundations come first.

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  1. Bounded lattice concept
  2. Complemented lattice concept
  3. Orthocomplemented lattice definition

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complemented_lattice
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MSC06C15, 81P10
DefinesOrthocomplemented lattice
UsesBounded lattice, Complemented lattice

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