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Dynamical systems and ergodic theory Definition

Quadratic polynomial dynamics

Builds on Complex dynamicsPolynomial functionJulia setIterated function

Definition

For c∈ℂc \in \C let fc ⁣:ℂ→ℂf_c \colon \C \to \C be the polynomial fc(z)=z2+cf_c(z) = z^2 + c. The family (fc)c∈ℂ(f_c)_{c \in \C} is the quadratic family. Quadratic polynomial dynamics is the complex dynamics of this family. It studies the iterates fcnf_c^n for each cc, and how they change with cc. The filled Julia set of fcf_c is Kc={z∈ℂ:(fcn(z))n≥0 is bounded}K_c = \set{z \in \C : (f_c^n(z))_{n \ge 0} \text{ is bounded}}. Its boundary ∂Kc\partial K_c is the Julia set JcJ_c of fcf_c.

Remarks

Every polynomial p(z)=az2+bz+dp(z) = a z^2 + b z + d with a≠0a \ne 0 is conjugate to exactly one fcf_c by an affine map z↦αz+βz \mapsto \alpha z + \beta. This is why one parameter suffices. The only critical point of fcf_c in ℂ\C is 00. The set KcK_c is connected if and only if the orbit of 00 is bounded, and otherwise KcK_c is a Cantor set. Example: for c=0c = 0, f0n(z)=z2nf_0^n(z) = z^{2^n} is bounded exactly when ∣z∣≤1\abs{z} \le 1, so K0K_0 is the closed unit disc and J0J_0 is the unit circle. Non-example: z↦z3+cz \mapsto z^3 + c is not in the quadratic family, since its degree is 33.

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  1. Complex dynamics concept
  2. Iterated function concept
  3. Julia set concept
  4. Polynomial function concept
  5. Quadratic polynomial dynamics definition

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_quadratic_polynomial
About this page
Tag3ANCZ518BN
URIm2://3ANCZ518BN
Kinddefinition
WritingW0 stub
MSC37F10, 37F46
DefinesQuadratic polynomial dynamics
UsesComplex dynamics, Polynomial function, Julia set, Iterated function

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