Math 2.0

Several complex variables and analytic spaces CR manifolds Counterexample

Rossi's non-embeddable CR structure

Builds on CR manifoldCR functionSphereBoutet de Monvel's embedding theorem

Counterexample

Let S3={(z1,z2)∈ℂ2:∣z1∣2+∣z2∣2=1}S^3 = \set{(z_1, z_2) \in \C^2 : \abs{z_1}^2 + \abs{z_2}^2 = 1} be the unit sphere. Its standard CR structure is spanned by the vector field Lˉ=z2∂∂zˉ1−z1∂∂zˉ2,\bar L = z_2 \frac{\partial}{\partial \bar z_1} - z_1 \frac{\partial}{\partial \bar z_2}, which is tangent to S3S^3, and its conjugate is L=zˉ2∂∂z1−zˉ1∂∂z2L = \bar z_2 \frac{\partial}{\partial z_1} - \bar z_1 \frac{\partial}{\partial z_2}. For a real number tt with 0<∣t∣<10 < \abs{t} < 1, let Lˉt=Lˉ+tL\bar L_t = \bar L + t L, and let St3S^3_t be S3S^3 with the CR structure spanned by Lˉt\bar L_t. Then St3S^3_t is a compact strongly pseudoconvex CR manifold of real dimension 33. Every CR function ff on St3S^3_t, that is every ff with Lˉtf=0\bar L_t f = 0, is even: f(−p)=f(p)f(-p) = f(p) for all p∈S3p \in S^3. So CR functions cannot separate the antipodal points pp and −p-p, and there is no CR embedding of St3S^3_t into any ℂN\C^N.

Remarks

The parity follows by expanding ff in spherical harmonics of bidegree (a,b)(a, b) in (z,zˉ)(z, \bar z). Both LL and Lˉ\bar L preserve the total degree a+ba + b. So the equation Lˉtf=0\bar L_t f = 0 splits into one equation for each total degree. For odd total degree this equation has only the zero solution. For t=0t = 0 the structure is the standard one, and the coordinate functions z1,z2z_1, z_2 embed it. So arbitrarily small deformations destroy embeddability in dimension 33. This shows that the dimension hypothesis in Boutet de Monvel's embedding theorem cannot be dropped.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 6 pages in order. The foundations come first.

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Each page uses the pages above it. The colour of the bar on a box shows how strong the evidence is, and the box also gives it as text. The list has the same pages.
  • no evidence level
  1. CR function concept
  2. CR manifold concept
  3. Levi form concept
  4. Sphere concept
  5. Boutet de Monvel's embedding theorem statement
  6. Rossi's non-embeddable CR structure counterexample

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CR_manifold
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Kindcounterexample
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MSC32V30, 32V05
UsesCR manifold, CR function, Sphere, Boutet de Monvel's embedding theorem

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