Math 2.0

Number theory Definition

Stirling numbers of the first kind

Builds on Permutation

Definition

Let nn and kk be natural numbers. The unsigned Stirling number of the first kind c(n,k)c(n, k) is the number of permutations of an nn-element set that have exactly kk disjoint cycles. Fixed points count as cycles of length 11.

Remarks

Other notations are [nk]\left[ {n \atop k} \right] and ∣s(n,k)∣|s(n, k)|. The signed numbers are s(n,k)=(−1)n−kc(n,k)s(n, k) = (-1)^{n-k} c(n, k). Example: c(3,2)=3c(3, 2) = 3. The permutations of {1,2,3}\{1, 2, 3\} with two cycles are the three transpositions. The numbers satisfy ∑kc(n,k)=n!\sum_k c(n, k) = n! and x(x+1)⋯(x+n−1)=∑kc(n,k) xkx (x + 1) \cdots (x + n - 1) = \sum_k c(n, k)\, x^k. The values satisfy a recurrence in nn and kk.

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Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_numbers_of_the_first_kind, Definition by permutation
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