Math 2.0

Integral transforms, operational calculus Definition

Two-sided Laplace transform

Builds on Laplace transformImproper integralLebesgue integral

Definition

Let f ⁣:ℝ→ℂf \colon \R \to \C be integrable on each bounded interval. The two-sided Laplace transform of ff is the function ℬ{f}(s)=∫−∞∞f(t) e−st dt=lim⁡T1,T2→∞∫−T1T2f(t) e−st dt.\mathcal{B}\{f\}(s) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(t) \, e^{-s t} \, dt = \lim_{T_1, T_2 \to \infty} \int_{-T_1}^{T_2} f(t) \, e^{-s t} \, dt. Here T1T_1 and T2T_2 tend to ∞\infty independently. The transform is defined at each complex ss for which this improper integral converges.

Remarks

Example: for f(t)=e−∣t∣f(t) = e^{-\abs{t}}, the part over [0,∞)[0, \infty) is 1/(1+s)1/(1 + s) for Re⁡s>−1\operatorname{Re} s > -1, and the part over (−∞,0](-\infty, 0] is 1/(1−s)1/(1 - s) for Re⁡s<1\operatorname{Re} s < 1. So ℬ{f}(s)=21−s2\mathcal{B}\{f\}(s) = \frac{2}{1 - s^2} for −1<Re⁡s<1-1 < \operatorname{Re} s < 1. Non-example: for the constant f=1f = 1, the part over [0,∞)[0, \infty) needs Re⁡s>0\operatorname{Re} s > 0 and the part over (−∞,0](-\infty, 0] needs Re⁡s<0\operatorname{Re} s < 0, so the integral converges for no ss. If f(t)=0f(t) = 0 for t<0t < 0, the two-sided transform is the one-sided Laplace transform of ff restricted to [0,∞)[0, \infty). For a random variable XX with density pp, ℬ{p}(−s)=𝔼[esX]\mathcal{B}\{p\}(-s) = \mathbb{E}[e^{s X}] is its moment generating function wherever it converges.

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DefinesTwo-sided Laplace transform
UsesLaplace transform, Improper integral, Lebesgue integral

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