Math 2.0

Special functions Definition

Zeros of Bessel functions

Builds on Bessel function of the first kind

Definition

Let ν>−1\nu > -1 be real and let JνJ_\nu be the Bessel function of the first kind of order ν\nu. The positive zeros of JνJ_\nu form an infinite set with no finite accumulation point. For k≥1k \ge 1, the kk-th zero jν,kj_{\nu,k} of JνJ_\nu is the kk-th smallest element of this set, so that 0<jν,1<jν,2<jν,3<⋯ ,Jν(jν,k)=0.0 < j_{\nu,1} < j_{\nu,2} < j_{\nu,3} < \cdots, \qquad J_\nu(j_{\nu,k}) = 0.

Remarks

For ν>−1\nu > -1, every zero of z−νJν(z)z^{-\nu} J_\nu(z) in ℂ\C is real and simple, so the jν,kj_{\nu,k} and their negatives are all of them. Example: J1/2(x)=2πxsin⁡xJ_{1/2}(x) = \sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi x}} \sin x, so j1/2,k=kπj_{1/2,k} = k\pi; the check is sin⁡(kπ)=0\sin(k\pi) = 0 and sin⁡x≠0\sin x \ne 0 on (0,π)(0, \pi). Numerical values: j0,1≈2.4048j_{0,1} \approx 2.4048 and j1,1≈3.8317j_{1,1} \approx 3.8317. The zeros of JνJ_\nu and Jν+1J_{\nu+1} interlace: jν,1<jν+1,1<jν,2<jν+1,2<⋯j_{\nu,1} < j_{\nu+1,1} < j_{\nu,2} < j_{\nu+1,2} < \cdots. For fixed ν\nu, jν,k+1−jν,k→πj_{\nu,k+1} - j_{\nu,k} \to \pi as k→∞k \to \infty, and jν,k=(k+ν2−14)π+O(1k)j_{\nu,k} = \left( k + \frac{\nu}{2} - \frac{1}{4} \right)\pi + O\left( \frac{1}{k} \right) (McMahon's expansion). A non-example: 00 is a zero of JνJ_\nu for ν>0\nu > 0, but it is not one of the jν,kj_{\nu,k}, which are positive by definition.

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Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessel_function
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