End-To-End Arguments in System Design

J. H. Saltzer, D. P. Reed, D. D. Clark, 1984, ACM TOCS

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システム設計におけるエンドツーエンド引数

J.H. Saltzer, D.P. Reed and D.D. Clark*

M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science

本論文は、分散システムのモジュール間における関数の配置を導くのに役立つ設計原理を提示する。この原理はエンドツーエンド引数と呼ばれ、システムの低レベルに配置された関数は、その低レベルでそれらを提供するコストと比較すると、冗長であるか、ほとんど価値がない可能性があることを示唆する。本論文で議論する例には、ビットエラー回復、暗号化を用いたセキュリティ、重複メッセージ抑制、システムクラッシュからの回復、および配送確認が含まれる。これらの機能をサポートする低レベルのメカニズムは、性能向上としてのみ正当化される。

M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science

This paper presents a design principle that helps guide placement of functions among the modules of a distributed computer system. The principle, called the end-to-end argument, suggests that functions placed at low levels of a system may be redundant or of little value when compared with the cost of providing them at that low level. Examples discussed in the paper include bit error recovery, security using encryption, duplicate message suppression, recovery from system crashes, and delivery acknowledgement. Low level mechanisms to support these functions are justified only as performance enhancements.

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Introduction

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Acknowledgments

References

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Read off the page by a vision model reading the page images using olmOCR-2-7B-1025-FP8. Translated into 日本語 by gpt-5, against glossary version 6. Translated from the English.

Read off the page by a vision model reading the page images using olmOCR-2-7B-1025-FP8.