Several complex variables and analytic spaces Holomorphic convexity and pseudoconvexity Counterexample
Hartogs triangle
Builds on PseudoconvexityPlurisubharmonic functionPlurisubharmonic exhaustion functionDomain of holomorphyHartogs figureOka's solution of the Levi problem
Counterexample
The Hartogs triangle is the domain It is a bounded pseudoconvex domain whose closure has no basis of pseudoconvex neighbourhoods.
Check that is pseudoconvex. On the function is holomorphic with . Let The first two terms are plurisubharmonic, since for a holomorphic with , and the last term is pluriharmonic. The boundary of consists of the points with and the points with , . All three terms are nonnegative on . Near the first part the first term tends to , except at the origin, where the last term does. Near the second part the second term tends to . So is a continuous plurisubharmonic exhaustion function, and is pseudoconvex, hence a domain of holomorphy by Oka's theorem.
Check the neighbourhoods. Let be an open set containing . Since is compact, contains, for some , the set and the set . The union of these two sets is a Hartogs figure. Let be holomorphic on . The Laurent series of on the annulus has no negative powers when . Its coefficients are holomorphic in , so by the identity theorem it has none when . So extends holomorphically to the bidisc . Hence any domain of holomorphy that contains contains the whole unit bidisc, and the pseudoconvex neighbourhoods of cannot shrink to .
Remarks
The boundary of is not a Lipschitz graph near the origin, and this singular point is the source of the pathology. For bounded pseudoconvex domains with smooth boundary, the closure can still fail to have a pseudoconvex neighbourhood basis. The examples are much harder, such as the worm domains of Diederich and Fornæss.
Reading path
To understand this page from the ground up, read these 13 pages in order. The foundations come first.
Show the path as a graph
- no evidence level
- Domain of holomorphy concept
- Holomorphic function of several variables concept
- Holomorphically convex domain concept
- Holomorphically convex hull concept
- Levi form concept
- Plurisubharmonic exhaustion function concept
- Plurisubharmonic function concept
- Polydisc concept
- Pseudoconvexity concept
- Cartan–Thullen theorem statement
- Hartogs figure example
- Oka's solution of the Levi problem statement
- Hartogs triangle counterexample
Further reading
About this page
| Tag | CNADH7BENS |
|---|---|
| URI | m2://CNADH7BENS |
| Kind | counterexample |
| Writing | W0 stub |
| MSC | 32T05, 32Q02 |
| Uses | Pseudoconvexity, Plurisubharmonic function, Plurisubharmonic exhaustion function, Domain of holomorphy, Hartogs figure, Oka's solution of the Levi problem |
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