Math 2.0

Integral transforms, operational calculus Laplace transform: definition and convergence Counterexample

Function with no Laplace transform

Builds on Laplace transformAnalyticity of the Laplace transform in its half-planeFunction of exponential order

Counterexample

The function f(t)=et2f(t) = e^{t^2} on [0,∞)[0, \infty) is continuous, but its Laplace integral ∫0∞et2e−st dt\int_0^\infty e^{t^2} e^{-st}\, dt converges for no s∈ℂs \in \C. Check: suppose it converged at some s0∈ℂs_0 \in \C. By the half-plane theorem it would then converge at every real s>Re⁡s0s > \operatorname{Re} s_0. But for real ss and t≥max⁡(s,0)t \ge \max(s, 0), the integrand satisfies et2−st=et(t−s)≥1e^{t^2 - st} = e^{t(t - s)} \ge 1, so ∫0Tet2−st dt→∞\int_0^T e^{t^2 - st}\, dt \to \infty as T→∞T \to \infty. This is a contradiction, so the abscissa of convergence of ff is +∞+\infty. The function is not of exponential order: et2/eat→∞e^{t^2} / e^{at} \to \infty for every real aa.

Remarks

Exponential order is sufficient, not necessary, for a Laplace transform to exist. For example, f(t)=2tet2cos⁡(et2)f(t) = 2t e^{t^2} \cos(e^{t^2}) is not of exponential order, yet ∫0Tf(t) dt=sin⁡(eT2)−sin⁡1\int_0^T f(t)\, dt = \sin(e^{T^2}) - \sin 1 stays bounded, and integration by parts shows that its Laplace integral converges for every ss with Re⁡s>0\operatorname{Re} s > 0. A different obstruction is local: f(t)=1/tf(t) = 1/t has no Laplace transform because ∫01dt/t\int_0^1 dt/t diverges, whatever ss is.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 17 pages in order. The foundations come first.

Show the path as a graph
Each page uses the pages above it. The colour of the bar on a box shows how strong the evidence is, and the box also gives it as text. The list has the same pages.
  • no evidence level
  1. Abscissa of convergence concept
  2. Complex numbers object
  3. Function concept
  4. Function of exponential order concept
  5. Real numbers object
  6. Set bounded above definition
  7. Real and imaginary parts definition
  8. Laplace transform definition
  9. Supremum definition
  10. Completeness axiom statement
  11. Existence of square roots of nonnegative reals statement
  12. Square root definition
  13. Modulus of a complex number definition
  14. Complex differentiability definition
  15. Holomorphic function definition
  16. Analyticity of the Laplace transform in its half-plane statement
  17. Function with no Laplace transform counterexample

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace_transform
About this page
Tag105G7PWKS1
URIm2://105G7PWKS1
Kindcounterexample
WritingW0 stub
MSC44A10
UsesLaplace transform, Analyticity of the Laplace transform in its half-plane, Function of exponential order

Markdown · JSON · Edit on GitHub

What this page needs for W1

  • an inventory row: the row of the inventory that the node accounts for (0 of 1)
  • a source with a locator (0 of 1)
  • edge refutes or not_instance_of out (0 of 1)

The writing levels say how complete the text of a page is. They do not measure its truth.

What links here

No page links to this page yet.