Math 2.0

Probability theory and stochastic processes Definition

Stochastic partial differential equation

Builds on Partial differential equationWiener processStochastic processMild solutionWeak solution

Definition

Let (Ω,ℱ,ℙ)(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mathbb{P}) be a probability space, let D⊆ℝdD \subseteq \R^d be open and let T>0T > 0. Let LL be a linear differential operator in the variable x∈Dx \in D, and let FF and GG be functions. Let ξ\xi be a random noise on [0,T]×D[0, T] \times D, for example space-time white noise, the formal time derivative of a cylindrical Wiener process WW. A stochastic partial differential equation is an equation for a random field u(t,x,ω)u(t, x, \omega) of the form ∂tu=Lu+F(u)+G(u) ξ,t∈(0,T], x∈D,\partial_t u = L u + F(u) + G(u) \, \xi, \qquad t \in (0, T], \ x \in D, with initial and boundary conditions. In Itô form it reads du=(Lu+F(u)) dt+G(u) dWdu = (L u + F(u)) \, dt + G(u) \, dW. A solution is a stochastic process, adapted to the filtration of WW, that satisfies the equation in a weak or mild sense. Classical derivatives are not used, because ξ\xi is too irregular.

Remarks

Example: the stochastic heat equation ∂tu=∂x2u+ξ\partial_t u = \partial_x^2 u + \xi on (0,1)(0, 1) with u=0u = 0 at x=0,1x = 0, 1 and u(0,⋅)=0u(0, \cdot) = 0, where ξ\xi is space-time white noise. Its mild solution is u(t,x)=∫0t∫01pt−s(x,y) W(ds,dy)u(t, x) = \int_0^t \int_0^1 p_{t-s}(x, y) \, W(ds, dy), with pp the Dirichlet heat kernel of (0,1)(0, 1). This is a well-defined Gaussian random field, continuous in (t,x)(t, x). Non-example: the stochastic differential equation dX=−X dt+dBdX = -X \, dt + dB, with BB a Brownian motion, is driven by noise. But it involves no derivatives in a space variable, so it is not a partial differential equation. The same stochastic heat equation in dimension d≥2d \ge 2 still has a mild solution, but it is a random distribution rather than a function.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 44 pages in order. The foundations come first.

  1. Construction of the reals from Cauchy sequences concept
  2. Element definition
  3. Integers object
  4. Mild solution concept
  5. Ordered field definition
  6. Partial differential equation concept
  7. Proposition concept
  8. Random experiment concept
  9. Rational numbers object
  10. Real numbers object
  11. Weak solution concept
  12. Wiener process concept
  13. Set definition
  14. Ring of integers statement
  15. Disjunction definition
  16. Implication definition
  17. Predicate definition
  18. Ordered pair definition
  19. Union definition
  20. Sample space definition
  21. Existential quantifier definition
  22. Universal quantifier definition
  23. The rationals form a field statement
  24. Cartesian product definition
  25. Subset definition
  26. Uniqueness quantifier definition
  27. The rationals form an ordered field statement
  28. Binary relation definition
  29. Universal set definition
  30. Power set definition
  31. Order on the reals definition
  32. Complement definition
  33. Function definition
  34. Interval definition
  35. Sigma-algebra definition
  36. Preimage of a set definition
  37. Event definition
  38. Borel sigma-algebra definition
  39. Probability axioms concept
  40. Probability measure definition
  41. Probability space definition
  42. Random variable definition
  43. Stochastic process concept
  44. Stochastic partial differential equation definition

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_partial_differential_equation
About this page
Tag441JWPAV3W
URIm2://441JWPAV3W
Kinddefinition
WritingW0 stub
MSC60H15, 35R60, 60H17
DefinesStochastic partial differential equation
UsesPartial differential equation, Wiener process, Stochastic process, Mild solution, Weak solution

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