Math 2.0

Commutative algebra Theorem

Ring of integers

Builds on Integers

Statement

The integers ℤ\mathbb{Z}, with their addition ++ and multiplication ⋅\cdot, form a commutative ring with identity 11. That is, for all integers aa, bb and cc:

  1. (a+b)+c=a+(b+c)(a + b) + c = a + (b + c) and a+b=b+aa + b = b + a;
  2. a+0=aa + 0 = a, and there is an integer −a-a with a+(−a)=0a + (-a) = 0;
  3. (ab)c=a(bc)(a b) c = a (b c) and ab=baa b = b a;
  4. a⋅1=aa \cdot 1 = a;
  5. a(b+c)=ab+aca (b + c) = a b + a c.

Remarks

The ring ℤ\mathbb{Z} is not a field: for example, 22 has no multiplicative inverse in ℤ\mathbb{Z}. The ring ℤ\mathbb{Z} has no zero divisors: if ab=0a b = 0, then a=0a = 0 or b=0b = 0. Thus it is an integral domain. Here "ring of integers" means the ring ℤ\mathbb{Z}. In algebraic number theory, the same words have a more general meaning.

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Where this leads

420 pages build on this one.

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer, Algebraic properties
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