Math 2.0

Functional analysis Definition

Tame Fréchet space

Builds on Fréchet spaceSeminormBanach spaceContinuous linear map

Definition

A graded Fréchet space is a Fréchet space FF with a sequence of seminorms ∥⋅∥0≤∥⋅∥1≤∥⋅∥2≤⋯\norm{\cdot}_0 \le \norm{\cdot}_1 \le \norm{\cdot}_2 \le \cdots that defines its topology. Let L ⁣:F→GL \colon F \to G be a continuous linear map between graded Fréchet spaces. It is tame if there are integers r,b≥0r, b \ge 0 and constants CnC_n with ∥Lf∥n≤Cn∥f∥n+r\norm{L f}_n \le C_n \norm{f}_{n + r} for all f∈Ff \in F and all n≥bn \ge b.

For a Banach space BB, let Σ(B)\Sigma(B) be the space of sequences f=(fk)k≥0f = (f_k)_{k \ge 0} in BB with ∥f∥n=∑k≥0enk∥fk∥B<∞for all n≥0,\norm{f}_n = \sum_{k \ge 0} e^{n k} \norm{f_k}_B < \infty \quad \text{for all } n \ge 0, graded by these norms. A graded Fréchet space FF is tame if there are a Banach space BB and tame linear maps L ⁣:F→Σ(B)L \colon F \to \Sigma(B) and M ⁣:Σ(B)→FM \colon \Sigma(B) \to F with M∘L=id⁡FM \circ L = \id_F.

Remarks

Example: Σ(B)\Sigma(B) itself is tame, with L=M=id⁡L = M = \id; the identity satisfies the estimate with r=b=0r = b = 0 and Cn=1C_n = 1. Hamilton proved that C∞(X)C^\infty(X) for a compact manifold XX, graded by the CnC^n norms, is tame.

Non-example of a tame map: on Σ(ℝ)\Sigma(\R) let (Lf)k=f⌊k/2⌋(L f)_k = f_{\floor{k/2}}. Then ∥Lf∥n≤(1+en)∥f∥2n\norm{L f}_n \le (1 + e^n) \norm{f}_{2n}, so LL is continuous. For the unit sequence δj\delta_j one gets ∥Lδj∥n≥e2nj\norm{L \delta_j}_n \ge e^{2nj} while ∥δj∥n+r=e(n+r)j\norm{\delta_j}_{n+r} = e^{(n+r)j}, so for n>rn > r no constant CnC_n works for all jj, and LL is not tame.

The grading is part of the data: equivalent gradings, with ∥f∥n\norm{f}_n and ∥f∥n′\norm{f}'_n bounded by each other up to a fixed shift rr and constants, give the same tame maps.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 56 pages in order. The foundations come first.

  1. Construction of the reals from Cauchy sequences concept
  2. Element definition
  3. Extended real number line object
  4. F-space concept
  5. Integers object
  6. Locally convex space concept
  7. Ordered field definition
  8. Proposition concept
  9. Rational numbers object
  10. Real numbers object
  11. Set bounded above definition
  12. Vector space definition
  13. Set definition
  14. Fréchet space definition
  15. Ring of integers statement
  16. Conjunction definition
  17. Disjunction definition
  18. Implication definition
  19. Predicate definition
  20. The reals form a field statement
  21. Supremum definition
  22. Empty set object
  23. Family of sets definition
  24. Ordered pair definition
  25. Intersection definition
  26. Union definition
  27. The rationals form a field statement
  28. Existential quantifier definition
  29. Universal quantifier definition
  30. Cartesian product definition
  31. Subset definition
  32. Union of a family of sets definition
  33. The rationals form an ordered field statement
  34. Uniqueness quantifier definition
  35. Binary relation definition
  36. Order on the reals definition
  37. Topological space definition
  38. Function definition
  39. The reals form an ordered field statement
  40. Preimage of a set definition
  41. Absolute value definition
  42. Metric space definition
  43. Convergence of a sequence in a metric space definition
  44. Open ball definition
  45. Diameter of a set definition
  46. Seminorm definition
  47. Metric topology definition
  48. Epsilon characterisation of Cauchy sequences statement
  49. Complete metric space definition
  50. Open set definition
  51. Continuous map of topological spaces definition
  52. Equivalent metrics definition
  53. Equivalent norms definition
  54. Banach space definition
  55. Continuous linear map definition
  56. Tame Fréchet space definition

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nash%E2%80%93Moser_theorem
About this page
TagTRB69DC8EW
URIm2://TRB69DC8EW
Kinddefinition
WritingW0 stub
MSC46A61, 58C15
DefinesTame Fréchet space
UsesFréchet space, Seminorm, Banach space, Continuous linear map

Markdown · JSON · Edit on GitHub

What this page needs for W1

  • an inventory row: the row of the inventory that the node accounts for (0 of 1)
  • a source with a locator (0 of 1)

The writing levels say how complete the text of a page is. They do not measure its truth.

What links here

No page links to this page yet.