Ordinary differential equations Theorem
Solutions for complex conjugate roots
Builds on Characteristic equationLinear equation with constant coefficientsSolutions for repeated rootsEuler's formula
Statement
Let be real numbers, and let be the characteristic polynomial of the equation . Let be a root of of multiplicity , with and . Then is also a root of multiplicity , and the functions are linearly independent real solutions of the equation on .
Remarks
By Euler's formula, . Its real and imaginary parts are solutions because the coefficients are real. For order and roots , the real solutions are . Example: has the roots , so its solutions are . These families for all roots, together with those of real roots, give a real fundamental system.
Reading path
To understand this page from the ground up, read these 17 pages in order. The foundations come first.
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- no evidence level
- Complex numbers object
- Differential equation concept
- Function concept
- Interval concept
- Euler's formula statement
- Ordinary differential equation definition
- Order of a differential equation definition
- Linear differential equation of order n definition
- Homogeneous linear equation definition
- Linear equation with constant coefficients definition
- Superposition principle statement
- Characteristic equation definition
- Solution space of a homogeneous linear equation has dimension n statement
- Fundamental system of solutions definition
- Solutions for distinct real roots statement
- Solutions for repeated roots statement
- Solutions for complex conjugate roots statement
Where this leads
8 pages build on this one.
Further reading
About this page
| Tag | 0BEZX8F2XW |
|---|---|
| URI | m2://0BEZX8F2XW |
| Kind | statement, theorem |
| Writing | W0 stub |
| MSC | 34A30 |
| Status | This copy of the site has no build data. Run m2 status 0BEZX8F2XW. |
| Uses | Characteristic equation, Linear equation with constant coefficients, Solutions for repeated roots, Euler's formula |
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