Math 2.0

Ordinary differential equations Theorem

Solution space of a homogeneous linear equation has dimension n

Builds on Homogeneous linear equationSuperposition principleLinear differential equation of order n

Statement

Let n≥1n \ge 1, let II be an open interval, and let a0,…,an−1:I→ℝa_0, \dots, a_{n-1} : I \to \mathbb{R} be continuous. Let SS be the set of solutions y:I→ℝy : I \to \mathbb{R} of y(n)+an−1(x)y(n−1)+⋯+a0(x)y=0y^{(n)} + a_{n-1}(x) y^{(n-1)} + \dots + a_0(x) y = 0. Then SS is a real vector space of dimension nn. More precisely, for each x0∈Ix_0 \in I, the map S→ℝnS \to \mathbb{R}^n, y↦(y(x0),y′(x0),…,y(n−1)(x0))y \mapsto \left(y(x_0), y'(x_0), \dots, y^{(n-1)}(x_0)\right) is a linear bijection.

Remarks

The superposition principle gives that SS is a vector space. The map is injective by the uniqueness of solutions of the initial value problem, and surjective by their existence on all of II. A basis of SS is a fundamental system of solutions. Example: the solutions of y′′+y=0y'' + y = 0 on ℝ\mathbb{R} are C1cos⁡x+C2sin⁡xC_1 \cos x + C_2 \sin x, a space of dimension 22.

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  1. Differential equation concept
  2. Function concept
  3. Interval concept
  4. Ordinary differential equation definition
  5. Order of a differential equation definition
  6. Linear differential equation of order n definition
  7. Homogeneous linear equation definition
  8. Superposition principle statement
  9. Solution space of a homogeneous linear equation has dimension n statement

Where this leads

27 pages build on this one.

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_differential_equation, Linear differential operator
About this page
Tag0GK68PZ6KH
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Kindstatement, theorem
WritingW0 stub
MSC34A30
StatusThis copy of the site has no build data. Run m2 status 0GK68PZ6KH.
UsesHomogeneous linear equation, Superposition principle, Linear differential equation of order n

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