Math 2.0

Group theory and generalizations Example

The integers modulo the even integers

Builds on IntegersQuotient groupIntegers modulo n

Example

Let G=(ℤ,+)G = (\mathbb{Z}, +) be the integers with addition, and let N=2ℤN = 2\mathbb{Z} be the even integers. NN is normal, because GG is abelian. NN has two cosets: NN, the even integers, and 1+N1 + N, the odd integers. The sum of two odd integers is even, so (1+N)+(1+N)=N(1 + N) + (1 + N) = N. Thus the quotient group ℤ/2ℤ\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z} has two elements, with identity NN. It is the integers modulo 22.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 12 pages in order. The foundations come first.

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Each page uses the pages above it. The colour of the bar on a box shows how strong the evidence is, and the box also gives it as text. The list has the same pages.
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  1. Group concept
  2. Integers object
  3. Integers modulo n concept
  4. Conjugate elements definition
  5. Subgroup definition
  6. Conjugate subgroup definition
  7. Left coset definition
  8. Right coset definition
  9. Normal subgroup definition
  10. Normality via left and right cosets statement
  11. Quotient group definition
  12. The integers modulo the even integers example

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient_group, Even and odd integers
About this page
Tag4SCS55K5MA
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MSC20A05
Instance ofQuotient group
UsesIntegers, Quotient group, Integers modulo n

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