Math 2.0

Real functions Corollary

Chain rule for Jacobian matrices

Builds on Chain rule in several variablesJacobian matrix

Statement

Let U⊆ℝnU \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n and W⊆ℝmW \subseteq \mathbb{R}^m be open, let g ⁣:U→Wg \colon U \to W, let f ⁣:W→ℝkf \colon W \to \mathbb{R}^k, and let a∈Ua \in U. Suppose that gg is differentiable at aa and ff is differentiable at g(a)g(a). Then the Jacobian matrices satisfy Jf∘g(a)=Jf(g(a)) Jg(a),J_{f \circ g}(a) = J_f(g(a)) \, J_g(a), a product of a k×mk \times m matrix and an m×nm \times n matrix.

Remarks

This is the chain rule in several variables, written with matrices: the matrix of a composition of linear maps is the product of their matrices. For k=m=nk = m = n, taking determinants gives det⁡Jf∘g(a)=det⁡Jf(g(a))⋅det⁡Jg(a)\det J_{f \circ g}(a) = \det J_f(g(a)) \cdot \det J_g(a). For example, let g(r,θ)=(rcos⁡θ,rsin⁡θ)g(r, \theta) = (r \cos \theta, r \sin \theta) and f(x,y)=x2+y2f(x, y) = x^2 + y^2. Then Jf(g(r,θ))Jg(r,θ)=(2rcos⁡θ, 2rsin⁡θ)Jg(r,θ)=(2r, 0)J_f(g(r, \theta)) J_g(r, \theta) = (2r \cos \theta, \, 2r \sin \theta) J_g(r, \theta) = (2r, \, 0), which is the Jacobian matrix of (f∘g)(r,θ)=r2(f \circ g)(r, \theta) = r^2.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 11 pages in order. The foundations come first.

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Each page uses the pages above it. The colour of the bar on a box shows how strong the evidence is, and the box also gives it as text. The list has the same pages.
  • no evidence level
  1. Euclidean space object
  2. Function concept
  3. Function composition concept
  4. Fréchet derivative definition
  5. Function of several variables concept
  6. Limit of a function of several variables concept
  7. Partial derivative concept
  8. Differentiable function of several variables definition
  9. Jacobian matrix definition
  10. Chain rule in several variables statement
  11. Chain rule for Jacobian matrices statement

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_rule, General rule: Vector-valued multivariate functions
About this page
Tag03GGQEAG9S
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Kindstatement, corollary
WritingW0 stub
MSC26B10
StatusThis copy of the site has no build data. Run m2 status 03GGQEAG9S.
UsesChain rule in several variables, Jacobian matrix

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