Math 2.0

Special functions Corollary

Power-reduction formula for cosine

Builds on Angle addition formulasPythagorean trigonometric identity

Statement

For every real xx, cos⁡2x=1+cos⁡2x2,sin⁡2x=1−cos⁡2x2.\cos^2 x = \frac{1 + \cos 2x}{2}, \qquad \sin^2 x = \frac{1 - \cos 2x}{2}.

Remarks

The addition formula gives cos⁡2x=cos⁡2x−sin⁡2x\cos 2x = \cos^2 x - \sin^2 x. With the Pythagorean identity, cos⁡2x=2cos⁡2x−1=1−2sin⁡2x\cos 2x = 2 \cos^2 x - 1 = 1 - 2 \sin^2 x. These formulas give ∫0πcos⁡2x dx=π2\int_0^{\pi} \cos^2 x \, dx = \frac{\pi}{2}. Mathlib states the first one as Real.cos_sq.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 61 pages in order. The foundations come first.

  1. Limit point of a set definition
  2. Local maximum definition
  3. Sequence definition
  4. Limit of a function definition
  5. Local minimum definition
  6. Real sequence definition
  7. Subsequence definition
  8. Continuity at a point definition
  9. Derivative definition
  10. Bounded sequence definition
  11. Cauchy sequence definition
  12. Geometric sequence definition
  13. Limit of a sequence definition
  14. Monotone sequence definition
  15. Series definition
  16. Continuous function definition
  17. Fermat's theorem on stationary points statement
  18. Limit superior definition
  19. Cauchy sequences are bounded statement
  20. Sum of a finite geometric series statement
  21. Monotone convergence theorem for sequences statement
  22. Every sequence has a monotone subsequence statement
  23. Convergent sequence definition
  24. Pointwise convergence definition
  25. Squeeze theorem statement
  26. Cauchy product definition
  27. Partial sum definition
  28. Power series definition
  29. Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem statement
  30. The sequence r^n tends to zero for |r| < 1 example
  31. Radius of convergence definition
  32. Uniform convergence definition
  33. Convergent series definition
  34. Sine and cosine definition
  35. Boundedness theorem statement
  36. Uniform convergence on a set definition
  37. Cauchy criterion for sequences statement
  38. Absolute convergence definition
  39. Series of functions definition
  40. A series of nonnegative terms converges iff its partial sums are bounded statement
  41. Sum of a series definition
  42. Extreme value theorem statement
  43. Uniformly Cauchy sequence of functions definition
  44. Geometric series example
  45. Comparison test statement
  46. Cauchy product of absolutely convergent series statement
  47. Rolle's theorem statement
  48. Root test statement
  49. Weierstrass M-test statement
  50. Angle addition formulas statement
  51. Mean value theorem statement
  52. Cauchy–Hadamard theorem statement
  53. Power series converge uniformly on smaller discs inside the radius of convergence statement
  54. A function with zero derivative is constant statement
  55. Uniform convergence of derivatives allows term-by-term differentiation statement
  56. Term-by-term differentiation statement
  57. Power series are differentiable inside the radius of convergence statement
  58. Derivative of cosine statement
  59. Derivative of sine statement
  60. Pythagorean trigonometric identity statement
  61. Power-reduction formula for cosine statement

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric_identities, Power-reduction formula
About this page
Tag0S049HG1W5
URIm2://0S049HG1W5
Kindstatement, corollary
WritingW0 stub
MSC33B10
StatusThis copy of the site has no build data. Run m2 status 0S049HG1W5.
UsesAngle addition formulas, Pythagorean trigonometric identity

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