Math 2.0

Ordinary differential equations Definition

Solution of an ordinary differential equation

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Definition

Let F(x,y,y′,…,y(n))=0F\left(x, y, y', \dots, y^{(n)}\right) = 0 be an ordinary differential equation of order nn, with FF defined on a set U⊆ℝn+2U \subseteq \mathbb{R}^{n+2}. Let II be an open interval of ℝ\mathbb{R}. A solution of the equation on II is a function u:I→ℝu : I \to \mathbb{R} with these two properties. The function uu is nn times differentiable on II, and (x,u(x),u′(x),…,u(n)(x))∈U\left(x, u(x), u'(x), \dots, u^{(n)}(x)\right) \in U for each x∈Ix \in I. For each x∈Ix \in I, F(x,u(x),u′(x),…,u(n)(x))=0F\left(x, u(x), u'(x), \dots, u^{(n)}(x)\right) = 0. For a system, uu takes values in ℝm\mathbb{R}^m and the same two conditions hold.

Remarks

Consider the first-order system x′=f(x)x' = f(x), with a vector field ff on an open set of ℝm\mathbb{R}^m. A solution is a curve whose velocity at each time is the value of ff at its position. Such a curve is an integral curve of ff. The function u(x)=e2xu(x) = e^{2x} is a solution of y′=2yy' = 2y on ℝ\mathbb{R}. A solution on II restricts to a solution on each open subinterval of II. A maximal solution is a solution that has no extension to a larger interval.

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Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_differential_equation, Solutions
  2. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_curve, Definition
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