Math 2.0

Potential theory Definition

Harmonic space

Builds on Locally compact spaceSheafContinuous functionHarmonic functionHarnack's principleHeat equation

Definition

Let XX be a locally compact Hausdorff space with a countable base. To each open set U⊆XU \subseteq X, let a linear subspace ℋ(U)\mathcal{H}(U) of the real continuous functions on UU be given. Its elements are called harmonic on UU. An open set VV with compact closure V‾⊆X\overline{V} \subseteq X is regular if the following holds for every continuous f ⁣:∂V→ℝf \colon \partial V \to \R. There is a unique continuous h ⁣:V‾→ℝh \colon \overline{V} \to \R with h∣V∈ℋ(V)h|_V \in \mathcal{H}(V) and h=fh = f on ∂V\partial V, and h≥0h \ge 0 whenever f≥0f \ge 0. The pair (X,ℋ)(X, \mathcal{H}) is a harmonic space if:

  1. ℋ\mathcal{H} is a sheaf. Restrictions of harmonic functions to smaller open sets are harmonic. A continuous function on U=⋃iUiU = \bigcup_i U_i that is harmonic on each UiU_i is harmonic on UU.
  2. The regular sets form a base of the topology of XX.
  3. For every open UU and every increasing sequence (hn)(h_n) in ℋ(U)\mathcal{H}(U) whose limit hh is locally bounded on UU, the function hh lies in ℋ(U)\mathcal{H}(U).

Remarks

These are the axioms in the form given by Bauer; several authors add a positivity or separation axiom, and some impose a stronger convergence axiom. Example: X=ℝnX = \R^n with ℋ(U)\mathcal{H}(U) the classical harmonic functions on UU. Clause 1 is clear, since harmonicity is a local condition. Every ball is regular, by the Poisson integral and the maximum principle, so clause 2 holds. Clause 3 follows from Harnack's principle. A second example is X=ℝn×ℝX = \R^n \times \R with ℋ(U)\mathcal{H}(U) the solutions of the heat equation ∂tu=Δu\partial_t u = \Delta u on UU. Non-example: on X=ℝnX = \R^n, let ℋ(U)\mathcal{H}(U) be all continuous functions on UU. No open set VV with nonempty boundary is regular, since a continuous extension of boundary values is never unique, so clause 2 fails.

Reading path

To understand this page from the ground up, read these 52 pages in order. The foundations come first.

  1. Continuous function concept
  2. Element definition
  3. Euclidean space object
  4. Function concept
  5. Heat equation concept
  6. Locally compact space concept
  7. Proposition concept
  8. Sheaf concept
  9. Unit disc object
  10. Set definition
  11. Fréchet derivative definition
  12. Total derivative concept
  13. Function of several variables concept
  14. Vector-valued function concept
  15. Implication definition
  16. Predicate definition
  17. Ordered pair definition
  18. Differentiable function of several variables concept
  19. Limit of a function of several variables concept
  20. Partial derivative concept
  21. Vector field concept
  22. Existential quantifier definition
  23. Universal quantifier definition
  24. Cartesian product definition
  25. Continuity in R^n definition
  26. Differentiable function of several variables definition
  27. Gradient concept
  28. Partial derivative definition
  29. Subset definition
  30. Divergence concept
  31. Uniqueness quantifier definition
  32. Differentiable on an open set definition
  33. Gradient definition
  34. Binary relation definition
  35. Jacobian matrix definition
  36. Higher partial derivatives definition
  37. Laplacian concept
  38. Iterated derivative definition
  39. Hessian matrix definition
  40. Function definition
  41. Harmonic function concept
  42. C^k function characterised by continuous derivatives statement
  43. Domain definition
  44. Poisson kernel definition
  45. Vector field definition
  46. Harnack's inequality statement
  47. Divergence definition
  48. Laplacian definition
  49. Laplacian as a sum of second partial derivatives statement
  50. Harmonic function definition
  51. Harnack's principle statement
  52. Harmonic space definition

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_theory
About this page
TagXBZ2RX25E6
URIm2://XBZ2RX25E6
Kinddefinition
WritingW0 stub
MSC31D05, 31C05
DefinesHarmonic space
UsesLocally compact space, Sheaf, Continuous function, Harmonic function, Harnack's principle, Heat equation

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