Potential theory Harmonic functions Theorem
Mean value property
Builds on The real part of a holomorphic function is harmonicCauchy's integral formula
Statement
Let be an open set, and identify with by . Let be harmonic: is twice continuously differentiable and on . Let and be such that the closed disc is contained in . Then
Remarks
The value of at the center of the circle is the average of on the circle. For holomorphic functions, the same formula holds, and it follows from Cauchy's integral formula with . On a disc, is the real part of a holomorphic function, which gives the harmonic case. The property also holds for averages over the solid disc. A continuous function with the mean value property on all small circles is harmonic.
Reading path
To understand this page from the ground up, read these 23 pages in order. The foundations come first.
Show the path as a graph
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- Complex numbers object
- Real numbers object
- Set bounded above definition
- Complex exponential definition
- Contour integral definition
- Power series in the complex plane definition
- Real and imaginary parts definition
- Supremum definition
- Circle integral definition
- Disc of convergence definition
- Completeness axiom statement
- Existence of square roots of nonnegative reals statement
- Square root definition
- Modulus of a complex number definition
- Complex differentiability definition
- Holomorphic function definition
- Cauchy–Riemann equations statement
- Cauchy's integral formula statement
- Power series are holomorphic in the disc of convergence statement
- Holomorphic functions are analytic statement
- Holomorphic functions are infinitely differentiable statement
- The real part of a holomorphic function is harmonic statement
- Mean value property statement
Where this leads
43 pages build on this one.
- Maximum modulus principle
- Schwarz lemma
- Shell theorem
- Phragmén–Lindelöf principle for subharmonic functions
- Cheng–Yau gradient estimate
- Removable singularities for harmonic functions
- Minimum principle for harmonic functions
- Hardy's uncertainty principle
- Stein interpolation theorem
- Kobayashi metric
- Harmonic majorant
- Maximum modulus principle in several variables
- Weyl's lemma
- Smoothness and analyticity of harmonic functions
- Sub-mean value property
- Kakutani's solution of the Dirichlet problem
- Converse of the mean value property
- Earnshaw's theorem
- Conformal radius
- Superharmonic potential
- Borel–Carathéodory theorem
- Phragmén–Lindelöf principle
- Koebe's theorem on the mean value property
- Compactness of families of harmonic functions
- Gradient estimates for harmonic functions
- Carathéodory metric
- Littlewood subordination theorem
- Liouville's theorem for harmonic functions
- Liouville's theorem for planar harmonic functions
- Maximum principle for harmonic functions
- Hadamard three-circle theorem for subharmonic functions
- Lindelöf's maximum principle
- Hadamard three-circle theorem
- Schwarz–Pick theorem
- Harmonic measure as exit distribution
- Hadamard three-lines theorem
- Parabolic and hyperbolic Riemann surfaces
- Analytic capacity
- Lindelöf's theorem
- Hadamard's two-constants theorem
- Bôcher's theorem
- Circle average
- Hartogs lemma for subharmonic functions
Further reading
- Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_function, The mean value property
- Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%27s_integral_formula, Consequences
About this page
| Tag | 0HYPR64JM2 |
|---|---|
| URI | m2://0HYPR64JM2 |
| Aliases | mean-value-property-of-harmonic-functions, gauss-mean-value-theorem |
| Kind | statement, theorem |
| Writing | W0 stub |
| MSC | 31A05 |
| Status | This copy of the site has no build data. Run m2 status 0HYPR64JM2. |
| Uses | The real part of a holomorphic function is harmonic, Cauchy's integral formula |
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What links here
Used by
- Maximum modulus principle
- Shell theorem
- Weyl's lemma
- Smoothness and analyticity of harmonic functions
- Sub-mean value property
- Kakutani's solution of the Dirichlet problem
- Converse of the mean value property
- Earnshaw's theorem
- Superharmonic potential
- Koebe's theorem on the mean value property
- Gradient estimates for harmonic functions
- Maximum principle for harmonic functions
- Circle average