Math 2.0

Potential theory Planar potential theory Proposition

The real part of a holomorphic function is harmonic

Builds on Holomorphic functionCauchy–Riemann equationsHolomorphic functions are infinitely differentiableReal and imaginary parts

Statement

Let U⊆ℂU \subseteq \mathbb{C} be an open set and let f:U→ℂf : U \to \mathbb{C} be holomorphic on UU. Let u=Re⁡fu = \operatorname{Re} f and v=Im⁡fv = \operatorname{Im} f, as real functions of (x,y)(x, y) on UU, with z=x+iyz = x + iy. Then uu and vv are twice continuously differentiable, and ∂2u∂x2+∂2u∂y2=0,∂2v∂x2+∂2v∂y2=0\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial y^2} = 0, \qquad \frac{\partial^2 v}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2 v}{\partial y^2} = 0 on UU. Thus uu and vv are harmonic functions on UU.

Remarks

Proof: ff is infinitely differentiable. By the Cauchy–Riemann equations, uxx=vyx=vxy=−uyyu_{xx} = v_{yx} = v_{xy} = -u_{yy}, and the same computation works for vv. For example, Re⁡(z2)=x2−y2\operatorname{Re}(z^2) = x^2 - y^2 is harmonic, and so is Re⁡(ez)=excos⁡y\operatorname{Re}(e^z) = e^x \cos y. The function vv is a harmonic conjugate of uu.

Reading path

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Complex numbers, object, no evidence levelComplex numbersobjectReal numbers, object, no evidence levelReal numbersobjectSet bounded above, definition, no evidence levelSet bounded abovedefinitionComplex exponential, definition, no evidence levelComplex exponentialdefinitionContour integral, definition, no evidence levelContour integraldefinitionPower series in the complex plane, definition, no evidence levelPower series in the c…definitionReal and imaginary parts, definition, no evidence levelReal and imaginary pa…definitionSupremum, definition, no evidence levelSupremumdefinitionCircle integral, definition, no evidence levelCircle integraldefinitionDisc of convergence, definition, no evidence levelDisc of convergencedefinitionCompleteness axiom, statement, no evidence levelCompleteness axiomstatementExistence of square roots of nonnegative reals, statement, no evidence levelExistence of square r…statementSquare root, definition, no evidence levelSquare rootdefinitionModulus of a complex number, definition, no evidence levelModulus of a complex …definitionComplex differentiability, definition, no evidence levelComplex differentiabi…definitionHolomorphic function, definition, no evidence levelHolomorphic functiondefinitionCauchy–Riemann equations, statement, no evidence levelCauchy–Riemann equati…statementCauchy's integral formula, statement, no evidence levelCauchy's integral for…statementPower series are holomorphic in the disc of convergence, statement, no evidence levelPower series are holo…statementHolomorphic functions are analytic, statement, no evidence levelHolomorphic functions…statementHolomorphic functions are infinitely differentiable, statement, no evidence levelHolomorphic functions…statementThe real part of a holomorphic function is harmonic, statement, no evidence levelThe real part of a ho…statement
Each page uses the pages above it. The colour of the bar on a box shows how strong the evidence is, and the box also gives it as text. The list has the same pages.
  • no evidence level
  1. Complex numbers object
  2. Real numbers object
  3. Set bounded above definition
  4. Complex exponential definition
  5. Contour integral definition
  6. Power series in the complex plane definition
  7. Real and imaginary parts definition
  8. Supremum definition
  9. Circle integral definition
  10. Disc of convergence definition
  11. Completeness axiom statement
  12. Existence of square roots of nonnegative reals statement
  13. Square root definition
  14. Modulus of a complex number definition
  15. Complex differentiability definition
  16. Holomorphic function definition
  17. Cauchy–Riemann equations statement
  18. Cauchy's integral formula statement
  19. Power series are holomorphic in the disc of convergence statement
  20. Holomorphic functions are analytic statement
  21. Holomorphic functions are infinitely differentiable statement
  22. The real part of a holomorphic function is harmonic statement

Where this leads

46 pages build on this one.

Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_function, Connections with complex function theory
About this page
Tag031BG625Y3
URIm2://031BG625Y3
Kindstatement, proposition
WritingW0 stub
MSC31A05
StatusThis copy of the site has no build data. Run m2 status 031BG625Y3.
UsesHolomorphic function, Cauchy–Riemann equations, Holomorphic functions are infinitely differentiable, Real and imaginary parts

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