Math 2.0

Functions of a complex variable Definition

Power series in the complex plane

Builds on Complex numbers

Definition

Let c∈ℂc \in \mathbb{C} and let (an)n≥0(a_n)_{n \ge 0} be a sequence of complex numbers. The power series with center cc and coefficients ana_n is the series ∑n=0∞an(z−c)n\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n (z - c)^n in the complex variable zz. The series converges at a point z∈ℂz \in \mathbb{C} if the partial sums ∑n=0Nan(z−c)n\sum_{n=0}^{N} a_n (z - c)^n have a limit in ℂ\mathbb{C} as N→∞N \to \infty. The sum of the series is the function that maps each such zz to this limit.

Remarks

Each power series converges at z=cz = c, with sum a0a_0. The geometric series ∑n≥0zn\sum_{n \ge 0} z^n converges if and only if ∣z∣<1|z| < 1, and then its sum is 1/(1−z)1/(1 - z). The set where the series converges contains an open disc and is contained in its closure, see disc of convergence. A formal power series is the same expression without any question of convergence.

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Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_series, lead section
  2. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_series, Radius of convergence
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