Math 2.0

Functions of a complex variable Definition

Disc of convergence

Builds on Power series in the complex plane

Definition

Let ∑n≥0an(z−c)n\sum_{n \ge 0} a_n (z - c)^n be a power series with center c∈ℂc \in \mathbb{C} and complex coefficients ana_n. Its radius of convergence is R=sup⁡{r≥0:the sequence (∣an∣rn)n≥0 is bounded},R = \sup \{ r \ge 0 : \text{the sequence } (|a_n| r^n)_{n \ge 0} \text{ is bounded} \}, an element of [0,∞][0, \infty]. Its disc of convergence is the open disc D={z∈ℂ:∣z−c∣<R}D = \{ z \in \mathbb{C} : |z - c| < R \}. It is empty if R=0R = 0, and it is ℂ\mathbb{C} if R=∞R = \infty.

Remarks

The series converges absolutely at each z∈Dz \in D, and uniformly on each closed disc ∣z−c∣≤r|z - c| \le r with r<Rr < R. It diverges at each zz with ∣z−c∣>R|z - c| > R. The Cauchy–Hadamard formula gives 1/R=lim sup⁡n→∞∣an∣1/n1/R = \limsup_{n \to \infty} |a_n|^{1/n}, with 1/0=∞1/0 = \infty and 1/∞=01/\infty = 0. On the circle ∣z−c∣=R|z - c| = R, the series can converge at all points, at some points, or at no point. For example, ∑zn\sum z^n, ∑zn/n\sum z^n / n and ∑zn/n2\sum z^n / n^2 all have R=1R = 1. On ∣z∣=1|z| = 1, the first converges nowhere, the second everywhere except at z=1z = 1, and the third everywhere.

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Further reading

  1. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_convergence, Definition
  2. Web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_convergence, Radius of convergence in complex analysis
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DefinesDisc of convergence
UsesPower series in the complex plane

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